FatPocket

Bulgakov, Macarius

2005-04-04T13:54:00.000-07:00

The son of a country priest, Bulgakov took the name Macarius on becoming a monk. After studying at the Ecclesiastical Academy of Kiev, he joined the faculty and taught history. Called in 1842 to the chair of theology at the Academy of St. Petersburg,

Indian Philosophy, Origin of the concept of Brahman and atman

2005-04-04T00:49:00.000-07:00

The Upanisads answer the question “Who is that one Being?” by establishing the equation Brahman = atman. Brahman—meaning now that which is the greatest, than which there is nothing greater, and also that which bursts forth into the manifested world, the one Being of which the hymn of creation spoke—is viewed as nothing but atman, identifiable as the innermost self in man but

Augusta

2005-04-03T23:20:00.000-07:00

Capital (1831) of Maine, U.S., seat (1799) of Kennebec county, at the head of navigation on the Kennebec River, 57 miles (92 km) northeast of Portland. The city's establishment and early prosperity, which began with the arrival of traders from the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts in 1628, can be attributed to its location on navigable tidewater 39 miles (63 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. A trading post was

Paradoxides

2005-04-02T15:14:00.000-08:00

Genus of trilobites (an extinct group of arthropods) found as fossils in Middle Cambrian rocks of North America and western Europe (the Cambrian Period lasted from 540 to 505 million years ago). Paradoxides has a well-developed head region terminating laterally in pointed spines that vary in development from species to species; the tail region is poorly developed. The body

Mana

2005-04-01T23:06:00.000-08:00

Town, northwestern French Guiana, on the south bank of the Mana River, near its mouth on the Atlantic coast. It originated in 1830 around an orphanage founded by a French nun and, after 1848, also served as a refuge for runaway and newly emancipated slaves. The site of a large leprosarium, its economy is basically agricultural, including sugarcane and cattle. Pop. (1982) mun. 1,721.

Scandinavian Literature, Prose

2005-03-31T06:49:00.000-08:00

Prose literature of the 14th century included several sagas. Among them were the Finnboga saga ramma (“Saga of Finnbogi the Strong”), about a 10th-century hero, and another telling the love story of its hero Víglundr. Sagas about bishops, already a theme in the 13th century, became more numerous, as did lives of foreign saints. A large collection of exempla (moral tales) was also made,

Hussite

2005-03-31T03:11:00.000-08:00

Any of the followers of the Bohemian religious reformer Jan Hus, who was condemned by the Council of Constance (1414–18) and burned at the stake. After his death in 1415 many Bohemian knights and nobles published a formal protest and offered protection to those who were persecuted for their faith. The movement's chief supporters were Jakoubek of Stríbro (died 1429), Hus's successor as preacher

Skien

2005-03-30T20:13:00.000-08:00

Town and seat of Telemark fylke (county), southern Norway, on the Skienselva (river). Originally the site of a monastery, the town, founded in 1110, is one of the oldest in Norway; it was incorporated in 1346. An industrial centre and port, Skien's lumber and mining concerns began the development of the area in the mid-1600s. The ore has been exhausted, but the town has important foundries and

France, History Of, Constitution of the Fourth Republic

2005-03-29T18:47:00.000-08:00

It soon became clear that the apparent unity forged in the Resistance was superficial and that the new political elite was sharply divided over the form of the new republic. Some urged the need for greater stability through a strong executive; others, notably the Communists, favoured concentrating power in a one-house legislature subject to grass-roots control

Düsseldorf

2005-03-28T03:32:00.000-08:00

Regierungsbezirk (administrative district), west-central North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. Düsseldorf is bordered by The Netherlands to the west and the Regierungsbezirke of Münster to the northeast, Arnsberg to the east, and Köln to the south. The district occupies an area of 2,042 square miles (5,288 square km) and consists of the northern portion of the larger

Pacific Mountain System, Plant life

2005-03-27T01:53:00.000-08:00

Climate is the major influence on vegetation type. Conifers predominate and can grow to enormous size, especially on the moister, western slopes. The Sitka spruce is dominant along the coast from southern British Columbia to northern California. The largest standing mid-latitude rain forest in the United States is on the west side of the Olympic Mountains. Inland

Radiation

2005-03-26T22:08:00.000-08:00

Either the process by which energy is emitted from a source and propagated through the surrounding medium or the energy involved in this process. Familiar examples of radiant energy include light (a form of electromagnetic radiation) and sound (a form of acoustic radiation). Both electromagnetic and acoustic radiations are commonly described as waves that can

Tsuchiura

2005-03-24T08:54:00.000-08:00

City, Ibaraki ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the western shore of Lake Kasumi. A castle was constructed on the city site during the Muromachi period (1338–1573), and Tsuchiura grew to be a flourishing centre of land and sea transportation. Fishing was also highly developed. The Joban Line (railway) was opened through Tsuchiura in 1896, and in 1920 a Japanese naval base and related machinery

Smith, John

2005-03-24T05:18:00.000-08:00

Smith, whose three brothers were all accomplished wrestlers, competed at Oklahoma State University, winning the National Collegiate Athletic Association title in 1987 and 1988. He won five U.S. national titles (1986, 1988–91), as well

Araraquara

2005-03-23T22:38:00.000-08:00

City, in the highlands of central São Paulo state, Brazil, at 2,119 ft (646 m) above sea level on a tributary of the Rio Jacaré-Guaçu. Formerly known as Freguesia de São Bento de Araraquara, it was given town status in 1817 and was made the seat of a municipality in 1832. Araraquara's industries process sugarcane and coffee from the hinterland. Textiles, liquor, and furniture are also produced

Böhm, Georg

2005-03-22T05:54:00.000-08:00

The son of an organist-schoolmaster, Böhm went to study at the University of Jena in 1684 and left probably in 1690. In 1698 he became organist at the Church of St. Johannis in Lüneburg, where he remained for the rest of his life and where the young J.S. Bach doubtless heard

Skåne Question

2005-03-21T00:28:00.000-08:00

Although contiguous with the Swedish polity, Skåne belonged to Denmark when the Middle Ages began

Mahadeo Hills

2005-03-20T14:17:00.000-08:00

Sandstone hills located in the northern part of the Satpura Range, in southern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The hills have small plateaus and steep scarps that were formed during the Carboniferous Period (360 to 286 million years ago). The hills have a gentle northern slope but are steep to the south, where they drop abruptly from 3,600 feet (1,100 m) to less than 900 feet (275 m). The general

La Motta, Jake

2005-03-19T16:29:00.000-08:00

La Motta grew up in a Bronx slum

Mid Devon

2005-03-19T15:16:00.000-08:00

District, administrative and historic county of Devon, southwestern England, located between the bleak moorlands of Exmoor and Dartmoor. Mid Devon is a heavily dissected interior plateau 400 to 800 feet (120 to 245 metres) in elevation. It has variable soil types suited for grassland cultivation, except in the south-central area where the merging Exe, Culm, and Yeo river valleys

Arts, Islamic, Other classic mosques

2005-03-18T06:14:00.000-08:00

Either in its simplest form, as in Medina, or in its more formalized shape, as in Damascus, the hypostyle tradition dominated mosque architecture from 715 to the 10th century. As it occurs at Nishapur in northeastern Iran, Siraf in southern Iran, al-Qayrawan (Kairouan) in Tunisia, and Córdoba in Spain, it can indeed be considered as the classic early Islamic type. Its masterpieces occur

Wolf-ferrari, Ermanno

2005-03-17T15:47:00.000-08:00

The son of a German father and an Italian mother, Wolf-Ferrari studied music in Munich and then returned to Venice, where he became director of the Liceo Benedetto Marcello in 1902. He wrote Italian operas, of which five are based on the comedies of Carlo Goldoni.

Pausanias

2005-03-16T22:15:00.000-08:00

Before visiting Greece, Pausanias had traveled widely in Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Macedonia, Epirus (now in Greece and Albania), and parts of Italy. His Description takes the form of a tour of Greece starting from Attica.

Spitfire

2005-03-16T18:39:00.000-08:00

The Spitfire was a low-wing monoplane that was first flown in 1936 and was first put into service with the Royal Air Force in 1938. It was modified continuously throughout the war to serve in a variety

American Evangelical Lutheran Church

2005-03-15T19:25:00.000-08:00

Church established by Danish immigrants who in 1874 took the name Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and formally organized as a synod in Neenah, Wis., in 1878. A constitution was accepted in 1879, and the present name was adopted in 1954. In 1962 the American Evangelical Lutheran Church (with about 24,000 members), the United Lutheran Church in America, the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran

Taft, William Howard

2005-03-15T10:18:00.000-08:00

For additional writings by Taft, see Limited Presidential Power and The Cabinet and the Congress.

Molasse

2005-03-14T18:24:00.000-08:00

Thick association of continental and marine clastic sedimentary rocks that consists mainly of sandstones and shales formed as shore deposits. The depositional environments involved include beaches, lagoons, river channels, and backwater swamps. The sands are deposited on beaches and in river channels and eventually form shoestring bodies (thickness:width

Switzerland, Soils

2005-03-13T14:44:00.000-08:00

Soil conditions and agriculture reflect the diversity of Switzerland's climate and geologic structure. The major soil groups consist of gray-brown podzolic soils and brown forest soils, loess, glacial drift, and alluvium in the Mittelland; brown forest soils, rendzinas, and the heavier glacial clays in the Jura valleys; and the lithosol and podzolized soils of the

Argentina, Colonial centres

2005-03-13T06:51:00.000-08:00

San Miguel de Tucumán's leadership lasted from the latter

Dominican

2005-03-12T15:15:00.000-08:00

Byname Black Friar , member of Order of Friars Preachers , also called Order of Preachers (O.P.) one of the four great mendicant orders of the Roman Catholic church, was founded by St. Dominic in 1215. Dominic, a priest of the Spanish diocese of Osma, accompanied his bishop on a preaching mission among the Albigensian heretics of southern France, where he founded a nunnery at Prouille in 1206, partly for his converts, which was served by a community of preachers. From this developed

Fajardo

2005-03-12T10:00:00.000-08:00

Town, eastern Puerto Rico, on the Fajardo River lowlands. Founded in 1772, it was the scene of fighting during the Spanish–American War (1898). Its principal manufactures are cigars, furniture, and metal and electronic components. It is linked by railway to San Juan and lies about 2 miles (3 km) from its port, Playa de Fajardo, which exports sugar. The town is a tourist centre. The University

Jacobsen, Josephine

2005-03-11T07:18:00.000-08:00

Soon after her birth, Jacobsen moved with her family from Canada to the United States. She began writing poetry as a child, and her first poem was published when she was 11 years old. Jacobsen was educated by tutors and at the Roland Park Country School in Baltimore,

Mercer

2005-03-11T01:28:00.000-08:00

Algonquian-speaking Delaware Indians ceded control of the region

Alajuela

2005-03-10T04:54:00.000-08:00

City, northwestern Costa Rica. It lies on the central plateau at an altitude of 3,141 feet (957 metres). Known in colonial days as La Lajuela and Villahermosa, the town was active in support of independence from Spain in 1821; five years later it suffered from a plot to restore Spanish control over Costa Rica. For a brief period in the 1830s Alajuela served as the nation's capital. It was the

Racism

2005-03-09T05:56:00.000-08:00

Also called racialism any action, practice, or belief that reflects the racial worldview—the ideology that humans are divided into separate and exclusive biological entities called "races," that there is a causal link between inherited physical traits and traits of personality, intellect, morality, and other cultural behavioral features, and that some races are innately superior to

Niven, David

2005-03-09T01:58:00.000-08:00

Born to a longtime military family, Niven attended Sandhurst Military Academy. He made his way to Hollywood in the mid-1930s and began performing as an extra. His first major roles were in Dawn Patrol (1938) and Wuthering Heights (1939). He rapidly became known

Advertising Coloration

2005-03-08T17:28:00.000-08:00

In animals, the use of biological coloration to make an organism unique and highly visible as compared with the background, thereby providing easily perceived information as to its location, identity, and movement. Such advertisement may serve the function of attracting individuals in order to enter into some advantageous interaction (e.g., courtship for reproductive

Belchatów

2005-03-08T02:43:00.000-08:00

A major lignite deposit was discovered in 1960 near Belchat

Safe-conduct

2005-03-07T21:59:00.000-08:00

Procedure by which a person is permitted to enter or leave a jurisdiction in which he would normally be subject to arrest, detention, or other deprivation. Historically, the habit of princes in granting safe-conducts to foreigners who, as aliens, did not ordinarily enjoy the full protection of the host-country's law developed into the system of diplomatic

Colchicum

2005-03-07T06:30:00.000-08:00

Genus of flowering plants in the family Liliaceae, consisting of about 30 species of herbs native to Eurasia. The stemless, crocuslike flowers bloom in autumn, and some are variously called autumn crocus and meadow saffron. The fruit is a three-valved capsule that ripens in the spring when the leaves appear. In some species the leaves arise from

Alicante

2005-03-07T00:22:00.000-08:00

Port city, capital of Alicante provincia, in Valencia comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), southeastern Spain. It is located on Alicante Bay of the Mediterranean Sea. Founded as Akra Leuke (“White Summit”) by Phocaean Greeks (from the west coast of Asia Minor) in 325 BC, the city was captured in 201 BC by the Romans, who called it Lucentum. Under Moorish domination, which lasted from

Gadolinium

2005-03-06T02:13:00.000-08:00

(Gd), chemical element, rareearth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table. Silvery white and moderately ductile, the metal reacts slowly with oxygen and water. Below 17° C it is ferromagnetic and at very low temperatures, superconducting. Credit for the discovery of gadolinium is shared by J.-C.-G. de Marignac and P.-É. Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Marignac separated (1880) a new

Clapperton, Hugh

2005-03-05T13:23:00.000-08:00

The first European explorer in West Africa to return with a firsthand account of the region now known as northern Nigeria. Following service in the Royal Navy, he joined explorers Dixon Denham and Walter Oudney in a British government expedition that journeyed southward from Tripoli across the Sahara. Early

Breckinridge, John

2005-03-05T05:27:00.000-08:00

Breckinridge grew up on the Virginia frontier but nonetheless managed to attend William and Mary College for two years. While a student there he was elected to a seat in the Virginia legislature

Kórinthos

2005-03-04T21:31:00.000-08:00

English Corinth nomós (department), straddling the junction of southern continental Greece and the Peloponnese. With an area of 884 sq mi (2,289 sq km), it is indented by the Saronic Gulf (southeast) and the Gulf of Corinth (northwest), which are linked via a navigable canal through the Isthmus of Corinth. Ephyra (Watchtower), is the ancient name of the plateau of Corinth, which has been inhabited since

Atkins, Chet

2005-03-04T03:17:00.000-08:00

Born into a musical family, Atkins began playing the guitar as a child and during his teen years performed professionally as a fiddler. By the late 1940s he had become a sought-after

Sabot

2005-03-03T19:56:00.000-08:00

Variations of the sabot—wooden-soled shoes topped with a variety of materials such as leather and suede—became popular

I-ch'un

2005-03-03T04:34:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Yichun, city, central Heilungkiang sheng (province), China. I-ch'un is situated in the densely forested area of the Hsiao hsing-an (Lesser Khingan) Range, at the intersection of the I-ch'un River, from which it takes its name, and the T'ang-wang, a tributary of the Sungari River. Until 1949 it was a minor market town under T'ang-yuan hsien (county). Since 1949 it has grown at an astonishing rate as a major

Arts, East Asian, Painting and pictorial arts

2005-03-02T13:50:00.000-08:00

Practically nothing survives of Chou painting, although from literary evidence it seems that the art developed considerably, particularly during the period of the Warring States. Palaces and ancestral halls were decorated with wall paintings. Late Chou texts tell of a craftsman working for the Duke of Chou (Chou Kung) who covered the stock of a whip with minute

Breitenfeld, Battle Of

2005-03-01T10:34:00.000-08:00

(Sept. 17, 1631), the first major Protestant victory of the Thirty Years' War, in which the army of the Roman Catholic Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic League, under Johan Isaclaes, Graf von Tilly, was destroyed by the Swedish-Saxon army under King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden. The battle marked the emergence of Sweden as a great power and the triumph of the new Swedish

Griffith, D W

2005-02-28T17:30:00.000-08:00

D.W. Griffith, the son of Jacob Griffith, a former Confederate colonel, was born in a tiny hamlet not far from Louisville, Ky. He received his early education in one-room schools, largely under the tutelage of his older sister, and was subject to the strong influence of his father's imaginative stories of the Mexican and Civil wars and family readings of the works of Dickens,

Mitford, Nancy

2005-02-28T16:52:00.000-08:00

Nancy Mitford was one of six daughters (and one son) of the 2nd Baron Redesdale; the family name was actually Freeman-Mitford. The children were educated at home and were all highly original. Nancy's sister Unity (d. 1948) was notorious in Great Britain for her admiration of Adolf

Devotio Moderna

2005-02-28T07:33:00.000-08:00

Religious movement within Roman Catholicism from the end of the 14th to the 16th century stressing meditation and the inner life, attaching little importance to ritual and external works, and downgrading the highly speculative spirituality of the 13th and 14th centuries. Devotio moderna (Latin: “modern devotion”) originated in the Netherlands and spread to Germany, northern

Eleanor Of Aquitaine

2005-02-27T18:06:00.000-08:00

Eleanor was the daughter and heiress of William X, duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitiers, who possessed one of the largest domains in France—larger,

Yampa River

2005-02-26T09:52:00.000-08:00

River, in the western United States, rising in the White River National Forest of northwestern Colorado, in the Rocky Mountains. Draining an area of approximately 9,500 square miles (24,600 square km) in south-central Wyoming and northwestern Colorado, the river flows north past Steamboat Springs, then turns west to flow through Yampa Canyon (about 1,600 feet [490 metres] deep) in Dinosaur

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

2005-02-26T04:23:00.000-08:00

The prehistoric annals are short and simple. Dominated by England, native creativity—to refer only to books with even the thinnest claim to literary quality—amounted to little. The Puritan view of the unredeemable child obtained almost into the era of Andrew Jackson. Jonathan Edwards put it neatly: unrepentant children were “young vipers and infinitely more hateful

Fabales

2005-02-26T00:57:00.000-08:00

The Fabales include trees, herbaceous or woody vines, and perennial or annual herbs. The leaves are usually compound—that is, they are divided into leaflets, and in some the leaflets are secondarily compound. The simple leaves of some are presumably reduced from the compound forms. The most striking of these modified leaf forms are the several hundred species of Australian

Steffens, Henrik

2005-02-25T22:36:00.000-08:00

Steffens spent his early years at Copenhagen, where he attended the university. He later studied at Kiel, Jena, and Berlin and by 1799 was an established figure in German literary and philosophical circles and on friendly terms with Schelling, Goethe,

Elgin

2005-02-25T06:33:00.000-08:00

On a hill to the west stood the 12th-century castle that in 1291 marked the northern limit of the English occupation of Scotland. The castle was destroyed after the Battle of Bannockburn (1314), which

Karachi

2005-02-25T06:31:00.000-08:00

City and capital of Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It is the country's largest city and principal seaport and is a major commercial and industrial centre. Karachi is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea immediately northwest of the Indus River Delta. The city proper covers an area of 228 square miles (591 square km), while the metropolitan area of Greater Karachi spreads

Houston, Whitney

2005-02-25T00:01:00.000-08:00

The daughter of Emily (“Cissy”) Houston—whose vocal group, the Sweet Inspirations, sang backup for Aretha Franklin—and the cousin of singer Dionne Warwick, Whitney Houston began singing in church as a child. While still

Arts, South Asian, Epics

2005-02-23T04:47:00.000-08:00

The age of the Pallavas (300?–900), a warrior dynasty of Hindu kings, is known for its epics, beginning with Cilappatikaram (“The Jewelled Anklet”) and Manimekalai (“The Girdle of Gems”) and including an incomplete narrative, Perunkatai (“The Great Story”), the Civakacintamani (“The Amulet of Civakan”) by Tiruttakkatevar, and Culamani (“The Crest Jewel”) by Tolamolittevar. The last three works depict Jaina kings

Hula

2005-02-22T09:05:00.000-08:00

Sensuous, mimetic Hawaiian dance, performed sitting or standing, with undulating gestures to instruments and chant. Originally the hula was a religious dance performed by trained dancers before king or people to promote fecundity, to honour the gods, or to praise the chiefs. Wristlets and anklets of whale teeth or bone and necklaces and fillets of leis (interwoven

Ubi Sunt

2005-02-22T04:18:00.000-08:00

A verse form in which the poem or its stanzas begin with the Latin words ubi sunt (“where are ”) or their equivalent in another language and which has as a principal theme the transitory nature of all things. A well-known example is François Villon's “Ballade des dames du temps jadis” (“Ballade of the Ladies of Bygone Times”), with its refrain “Mais où sont les neiges d'antan?'' (“But where

Pluralism

2005-02-21T23:24:00.000-08:00

In political science, the view that in liberal democracies power is (or should be) dispersed among a variety of economic and ideological pressure groups and is not (or should not be) held by a single elite or group of elites. Pluralism assumes that diversity is beneficial to society and that autonomy should be enjoyed by disparate functional or cultural groups within

Condottiere

2005-02-21T08:14:00.000-08:00

The first mercenary armies in Italy (often called free companies) were made up of foreigners. The earliest (1303) was composed

Amati Family

2005-02-20T18:00:00.000-08:00

Andrea (c. 1520–c. 1578), the founder of the Cremona school of violin making, was perhaps originally influenced by the work of slightly earlier makers from Brescia. His earliest-known violins are dated about 1564. In essentials, they set the style for all the models made by later members of the family and,

Arts, South Asian, Epics

2005-02-20T07:33:00.000-08:00

American organization created in 1890 by the merger of the two major rival women's rights organizations—the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association—after 21 years of independent operation. NAWSA was initially headed by past executives of the two merged groups, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, and Susan B.

Nemean Games

2005-02-19T06:13:00.000-08:00

In ancient Greece, athletic and musical competitions held in honour of Zeus, in July, at the great Temple of Zeus at Nemea, in Argolis. They occurred biennially, in the same years as the Isthmian Games, i.e., in the second and fourth years of each Olympiad. Their origin was attributed to such legendary figures as Heracles and Adrastus of Argos. The presidency of the games was

White Plains

2005-02-18T17:38:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1778) of Westchester county, New York, U.S. It lies along the Bronx and Hutchinson rivers. Known to the Wappinger Indians as Quarropas (“White Marshes”), probably for the area's heavy fogs, the site was sold twice (in 1660 and in 1683) by them to different groups, causing long litigation over the title and delays in the settlement of the area. An established community by 1735 within the town

Orwell, George

2005-02-18T17:11:00.000-08:00

Born Eric Arthur Blair, Orwell never entirely abandoned his original name, but his first book (Down and Out in Paris and London) appeared as the work

Uttar Pradesh, Cultural institutions

2005-02-18T00:44:00.000-08:00

Among the prominent art museums in Uttar Pradesh are the State Museum at Lucknow, the Archaeological Museum at Mathura, the Sarnath Museum specializing in Buddhist antiquities, the Bharat Kala Bharan at Varanasi, and the Municipal Museum at Allahabad. Colleges of arts and Hindustani music at Lucknow and the Prayag Sangeet Samiti at Allahabad have contributed immensely

Zambezi River, Animal life

2005-02-17T13:55:00.000-08:00

The tiger fish is one of the few species found both above and below the Victoria Falls. Pike is predominant in the upper course of the river, as are yellowfish and barbel. Bream are now common both above and below the falls. Crocodiles abound in the Zambezi, though they generally avoid stretches of fast-running water. Hippopotamuses are also found in the upper and lower

Peter I

2005-02-17T00:40:00.000-08:00

Peter was the son of Tsar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Unlike his half-brothers,

Lever Art Gallery

2005-02-16T17:45:00.000-08:00

In full Lady Lever Art Gallery, in Port Sunlight, a model village founded for workers in Bebington, Cheshire (now in Merseyside), Eng. The museum was a gift to the public of the 1st Viscount Leverhulme, as a memorial to his wife, who died in 1913. The building was begun in 1914 and opened in December 1922. The collection of works exhibited at the gallery was formed by Lord Leverhulme and records his personal taste, which

Philae

2005-02-16T13:39:00.000-08:00

Arabic Jazirat Filah (“Philae Island”), or Jazirat al-Birba (“Temple Island”),

Cumberland

2005-02-15T19:03:00.000-08:00

Cumberland lies along the northwest coast of England, facing the Solway

Jefferson, Martha

2005-02-15T06:01:00.000-08:00

After Jefferson became president in 1801, he often called upon Dolley Madison, wife of his secretary of state, James Madison, to handle social events at the White House. On other occasions his daughters Patsy and Polly served as hostesses. During Jefferson's second administration, Patsy gave birth to a son, the first baby to be born in the White House.

Aselli, Gaspare

2005-02-14T13:43:00.000-08:00

Aselli became professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Pavia and practiced at Milan. His discovery of the lacteals (lymph vessels that take up the end products of fat digestion from the intestine) occurred

La Brea Tar Pits

2005-02-14T13:14:00.000-08:00

Tar pits, in Hancock Park (Rancho La Brea), Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. It is the site of “pitch springs” oozing crude oil, discovered by Gaspar de Portolá's expedition in 1769. The tar pits contain the fossilized skulls and bones of prehistoric animals that became entrapped in the sticky seepage of the pits. The remains of such Pleistocene mammals as imperial mammoth, mastodon, sabre-toothed

Ben Nevis

2005-02-13T22:52:00.000-08:00

Highest mountain of the British Isles, in the Highland council area, Scotland. Its summit, reaching an elevation of 4,406 feet (1,343 metres), is a plateau of about 100 acres (40 hectares), with a slight slope to the south and a sheer face to the northeast. Snow lies in some parts all year, and permafrost conditions are almost reached. The mountain consists of a superstructure of volcanic rocks

'abdor Rahman Khan

2005-02-13T09:08:00.000-08:00

'Abdor Rahman was the son of Afzal Khan, whose father, Dost Mohammad Khan, had established the Barakzai dynasty in Afghanistan. Shir 'Ali's victory in 1869 drove 'Abdor Rahman into

Kumarajiva

2005-02-13T02:49:00.000-08:00

Before his ordination at the

Spranger, (franz Ernst) Eduard

2005-02-12T10:17:00.000-08:00

Spranger was a student of Wilhelm Dilthey and continued his teacher's

Mycotoxin

2005-02-11T17:18:00.000-08:00

Toxic substance produced by a fungus (i.e., a member of the kingdom Fungi). Mycotoxins occur in great number and variety; their effects can include hallucinations, skin inflammation, severe liver damage, hemorrhages, abortion, convulsions, neurological disturbances, and death in livestock and humans. Aflatoxins are a complex of mycotoxins produced by species of the

Tu-16

2005-02-11T04:52:00.000-08:00

The TU-16 carried a crew of six and

Castelvetro, Lodovico

2005-02-10T10:44:00.000-08:00

A dominant literary critic of the Italian Renaissance, particularly noted for his translation of and independently rendered conclusions from Aristotle's Poetics, in which he defended the dramatic unities of time, place, and action, as well as the use of poetry for pleasure alone; he thereby helped set the

Sangre De Cristo Mountains

2005-02-10T09:37:00.000-08:00

Segment of the southern Rocky Mountains, extending south-southeastward for about 250 miles (400 km) from Poncha Pass, in south-central Colorado, U.S., to the low divide southwest of Las Vegas, N.M., in north-central New Mexico. Usually considered an extension of the Front Range (q.v.), they are divided into the Culebra and Sangre de Cristo ranges in Colorado. Many of their glaciated summits

Tallchief, Maria

2005-02-09T06:12:00.000-08:00

Born in a town on an Osage Indian reservation in Oklahoma, Maria Tallchief and her sister Marjorie were of Osage and Scotch-Irish descent. Both sisters began dancing as children and later studied

Aurangzeb

2005-02-08T08:34:00.000-08:00

Aurangzeb was the third son of the emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (for whom the Taj Mahal was built). He grew up as a serious-minded and devout youth, wedded to the Muslim orthodoxy of the day and free from the royal Mughal traits of sensuality and drunkenness. He early showed signs of military and administrative ability; and these qualities, combined with a taste for power,

Subsistence Farming

2005-02-08T06:09:00.000-08:00

Form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and his family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade. Preindustrial agricultural peoples throughout the world have traditionally practiced subsistence farming. Some of these peoples moved from site to site as they exhausted the soil at each location.

Hellenistic Romance

2005-02-08T02:37:00.000-08:00

Adventure tale, usually with a quasi-historical setting, in which a virtuous heroine and her valiant lover are separated by innumerable obstacles of human wickedness and natural catastrophe but are finally reunited. A precursor of the modern novel, the Hellenistic romance is the source for classic love stories, such as those of Hero and Leander, Pyramus and Thisbe,

Cumbres De Monterrey National Park

2005-02-07T20:05:00.000-08:00

Park in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo León estado (“state”), northeastern Mexico. Established in 1939, it has a total area of 952 square miles (2,465 square km). Among the attractions are its mountainous setting (more than 7,000 feet [2,100 m] above sea level), with scenic pine and oak forests on the lower slopes; Santa Catarina Canyon; and Cola de Caballo (Spanish: “Horse Tail”) Falls, southwest of

Peter, Gospel Of

2005-02-07T19:44:00.000-08:00

Pseudepigraphal (noncanonical and unauthentic) Christian writing of the mid-2nd century AD, the extant portion of which covers the condemnation, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Jesus. Because the work reflects the view that Christ's body had only the appearance of reality, Serapion, bishop of Antioch c. AD 190, believed it was written by a member of the heretical Docetist sect.

Franca

2005-02-07T03:29:00.000-08:00

City, in the highlands of northeastern São Paulo estado (“state”), Brazil. It lies at 3,314 feet (1,010 m) above sea level. Known variously as Vila Franca del Rei and Vila Franca do Imperador, it was given town status in 1824 and was made the seat of a municipality in 1856. The city has one of the largest sugar refineries in Brazil; coffee, rice, corn (maize), cotton, and feijão (beans) are also grown locally.

Bryant, Bear

2005-02-06T01:04:00.000-08:00

Bryant played tackle and was all-state at Fordyce (Ark.) High School; he went on to the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (1932–36; B.S., 1936), where he played blocking end. During his collegiate career the team won 23 games, lost 3, and tied 2. He played on

Sangamon Interglacial Stage

2005-02-05T08:24:00.000-08:00

Major division of Pleistocene time and deposits in North America (the Pleistocene Epoch began about 1,600,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago). The Sangamon Interglacial follows the Illinoian Glacial Stage and precedes the Wisconsin Glacial Stage, both periods of widespread continental glaciation and severe climatic conditions, as opposed to the moderate conditions

Sanjo

2005-02-05T07:32:00.000-08:00

City, Niigata Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, on the delta of the Shinano-gawa (Shinano River). Sanjo was founded as a castle town in the 16th century. It was a river port and post town during the Tokugawa era (1603–1867), when the city first became known as a centre of metal tool production. Carpenter tools and household hardware are still produced in more than 2,000 small workshops. Pop. (1980) 85,275.

Pinar Del Río

2005-02-04T22:37:00.000-08:00

Provincia, western Cuba, bounded on the north by the Gulf of Mexico, on the west by the Yucatán Channel, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by the Gulf of Batabanó, and on the east by La Habana province. Low mountain ranges, including the Sierra de los Órganos and the Sierra del Rosario, form the backbone of the territory, which has an area of 4,218 square miles (10,925 square

Holliday, Doc

2005-02-04T01:43:00.000-08:00

Holliday was reared in Georgia in the genteel tradition of the Old South, graduated from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1872, and, already consumptive, moved west for drier climes. He practiced dentistry briefly in Dallas but soon discovered

FatPocket

Bulgakov, Macarius

Indian Philosophy, Origin of the concept of Brahman and atman

Augusta

Paradoxides

Mana

Scandinavian Literature, Prose

Hussite

Skien

France, History Of, Constitution of the Fourth Republic

Düsseldorf

Pacific Mountain System, Plant life

Radiation

Tsuchiura

Smith, John

Araraquara

Böhm, Georg

Skåne Question

Mahadeo Hills

La Motta, Jake

Mid Devon

Arts, Islamic, Other classic mosques

Wolf-ferrari, Ermanno

Pausanias

Spitfire

American Evangelical Lutheran Church

Taft, William Howard

Molasse

Switzerland, Soils

Argentina, Colonial centres

Dominican

Fajardo

Jacobsen, Josephine

Mercer

Alajuela

Racism

Niven, David

Advertising Coloration

Belchatów

Safe-conduct

Colchicum

Alicante

Gadolinium

Clapperton, Hugh

Breckinridge, John

Kórinthos

Atkins, Chet

Sabot

I-ch'un

Arts, East Asian, Painting and pictorial arts

Breitenfeld, Battle Of

Griffith, D W

Mitford, Nancy

Devotio Moderna

Eleanor Of Aquitaine

Yampa River

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

Fabales

Steffens, Henrik

Elgin

Karachi

Houston, Whitney

Arts, South Asian, Epics

Hula

Ubi Sunt

Pluralism

Condottiere

Amati Family

Arts, South Asian, Epics

Nemean Games

White Plains

Orwell, George

Uttar Pradesh, Cultural institutions

Zambezi River, Animal life

Peter I

Lever Art Gallery

Philae

Cumberland

Jefferson, Martha

Aselli, Gaspare

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)